Mechanocatalysis: background and challenges

Abstract Mechanocatalysis refers to catalytic chemical transformations driven by mechanical energy. It has emerged as a promising framework for sustainable chemistry and circular materials processing. By directly coupling mechanical stress with catalytic function, mechanocatalysis enables solvent-free transformations and unlocks reactivity that is difficult to access under conventional thermal or photochemical conditions. Beyond its green chemistry attributes, mechanocatalysis represents a conceptual shift in catalysis, in which force, structure, and reactivity are intrinsically coupled. Recent advances demonstrate its potential in biomass valorization and polymer depolymerization. However, significant challenges remain in understanding force-induced activation mechanisms, designing mechanically robust catalysts, and engineering scalable reactors. This perspective critically evaluates these advances and argues that integrating mechanical variables as controllable reaction parameters could redefine sustainable chemical manufacturing.