A 96.7%-Peak-Efficiency 2.5-A Scalable Hybrid Buck Converter Module With Complementary Dual-Mode Reconfiguration and Interleaving-Assisted C OUT Augmentation

This article presents a scalable hybrid DC-DC converter module for compact CPU/GPU power delivery. The proposed complementary dual-mode reconfigurable topology combines two extended dual-path switched-capacitor cells through a DEMUX path, enabling a continuous 0.4–1.5-V output from a 1.8-V input while maintaining full-range inductor-current reduction. The overlapping voltage-conversion-ratio (VCR) regions avoid extremely narrow duty ratios near the mode boundary and support smooth hot switching, with a current capability enhancement factor ($I_{\mathrm {LOAD}}$/$I_{\mathrm {L,DC}}$) of 1.33–2 over the targeted range. An N-phase interleaving scheme further exploits the phase in which the flying capacitor is paralleled with the output capacitor, thereby enhancing the globally equivalent output capacitance and reducing both output ripple and flying-capacitor hard-charging stress. A fully integrated gate-driver scheme with a shared charge pump and bootstrap capacitor reduces off-chip components, while a$V^{2}I_{\mathrm {L}}$adaptive-on-time controller improves transient recovery. Fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process, the prototype integrates the power stage, drivers, and controller in 4.86 mm2. A single module achieves 96.7% peak efficiency and 2.5 A maximum load, and a four-module interleaved prototype delivers 10 A with 96% peak efficiency using a 94.7%-reduced global output capacitor.