Sustainable Management Strategies for a Critically Endangered Conifer in Brazil

The overharvesting of natural resources for human use is highly detrimental to species populations, altering vital demographic rates. Various plant species have been harvested for different purposes, necessitating effective management strategies for species population stability and persistence. In Brazil, Araucaria angustifolia has been harvested for timber and seeds, resulting in population declines, and the species is currently listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. However, effective alternatives for managing the A. angustifolia population remain limited. This study aimed to assess the demographic responses of an A. angustifolia population to simulations of timber and seed harvesting scenarios. In a scenario without harvesting, the population exhibited demographic stability. Timber removal from mature individuals proved less detrimental compared to harvesting involving immature and mature individuals. The seed-harvesting scenario demonstrated only slight demographic impacts. Larger individuals demonstrated a greater impact on demography. As a management approach, we suggest avoiding timber harvesting involving mature and immature individuals. Despite a few demographic consequences, seed harvesting should be approached cautiously to prevent potential impacts on the disperser community and possible cascade effects. This evidence can collaborate with global biodiversity assessments and support improvements in management strategies for A. angustifolia.