Current state of prostate‐specific membrane antigen PET/CT imaging–targeted biopsy techniques for detection of clinically significant prostate cancer

Abstract Clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) is the focus of clinical diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer (PCa). The current standard for diagnosing csPCa in men at risk relies on a transrectal (and in some instances transperineal) ultrasound‐guided biopsy (TRUS‐GB) that is blind to the location of cancer, leading to false‐negative csPCa diagnoses. Over the past decade, PSMA PET/CT imaging–targeted prostate biopsy (PSMA PET/CT‐TB), which obtains tissue samples from a defined suspicious area, has emerged as a promising solution for improving csPCa detection. Its feasibility and higher csPCa diagnostic value have been reported by a few case reports and studies. The current manuscript will review this latest targeted prostate puncture technology, summarize the existing applications of PSMA PET/CT‐TB, including technical considerations, and discuss the advantages and challenges of each technique.