Solvent-Directed Morphological Transformation in Covalent Organic Polymers

Synthesis of bi-functional covalent organic polymers in two distinctive morphologies has been accomplished by simply switching the solvent from DMF to DMSO when 1,3,5-tribenzenecarboxyldehyde and 2,5-diaminobenzene sulfonic acid were reacted via Schiff base condensation reaction to afford covalent organic polymers (COPs) encompassing flower (F-COP DMF )- and circular (C-COP DMSO )-type morphologies. Chemical and morphological natures of the synthesized COPs were compared by characterization using TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS analysis techniques. Besides diverse morphology, both the polymeric materials were found to comprise similar chemical natures bearing protonic acid–SO 3 H and Lewis base–C=N functionalities. Subsequently, both the COPs were evaluated for the synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by the dehydration of fructose to investigate their morphology-dependent catalytic activity.