母乳
多溴联苯醚
母乳喂养
污染物
环境化学
环境卫生
氯丹
六氯苯
母乳喂养
全氟辛烷
双酚A
多溴联苯
医学
持久性有机污染物
化学
杀虫剂
儿科
生物
有机化学
生物化学
环氧树脂
农学
磺酸盐
钠
作者
Joaquim Rovira,María Ángeles Martínez,Montse Mari,Sara C. Cunha,José O. Fernandes,Isa Marmelo,António Marques,Line Småstuen Haug,Cathrine Thomsen,Martí Nadal,José L. Domingo,Marta Schuhmacher
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2022.107375
摘要
Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure child health and survival, with several benefits for both the infants and their mothers. However, breast milk can contain environmental pollutants with endocrine disruption capacity, neurotoxicity and/or potential to alter microbiota. Monitoring breast milk provides information on the current chemical exposure of breastfed infants and, in addition, on the current and historical exposure of nursing mothers. In this study, the levels of a wide range of pollutants were measured in breast milk of Spanish nursing mothers. Target chemicals were dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), oxy-chlordane, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) (including perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)), chlorpyrifos, bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and a number of toxic and essential elements. Traces of most chemicals were found. A correlation between the levels of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and maternal characteristics (age and body mass index) was observed, while smoking was associated to higher concentrations of some toxic elements. Higher levels of PCBs were detected in samples from Spanish primiparous mothers compared to non-Spanish multiparous women. Breast milk from low-income mothers showed higher content of DDT and DDE than high-income mothers. Although breastfeeding is clearly beneficial for babies, the exposure to this mixture of hazardous substances, as well as their interaction and combined effects must not be disregarded.
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