[Overview on diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in the Qing Royal Court].

The remained documents and archives show that the history of diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases in royal court of the Qing Dynasty was over 200 years. The departmental system of medical care in the Qing Royal Court was inherited from former Ming Dynasty. Although the departments in the system changed over reigns, the Department of Dentistry exist all the time. In a set of historical records of 38 medical cases opened to the public, the documented symptoms and diseases, in the sense of modern medical science, included periodontitis, oral mucosal diseases, dental caries, parotiditis, etc., and the patients involved various ranks in the court, showing that oral diseases were common in the Qing Royal Court. The royal doctors ranked variedly and the medication they used was diverse. Medical fuming or steaming and medical heating were some distinctive methods among the treatments. In 1600s, the western modern medical science started to be introduced into China. In the reign of Kangxi Emperor (1700s), many western doctors were employed by the royal court and they engaged in the treatment of oral diseases. The late Qing Dynasty appeared the second peak that western doctors came into China. In 1898, Dr. Jingrong Chen, a dentist who possessed knowledge of modern dentistry in Beijing city, set up a dental clinic in the royal court and gave treatment to patients in the royal members and high-ranking officials.清代宫廷口腔疾病诊疗史历时200余年，有文献档案存世。清宫医学承继明代体制，采取分科诊疗，虽历朝变化频仍，但口齿一科始终存在。纵览目前公开的38例口腔病案，涉及现代医学定义的牙周病、口腔黏膜病、龋齿、腮腺炎等，患者也关涉宫中各类人等，可见口腔疾病在清宫较为普遍。而诊治医家官阶多元，用药方式多样，熏蒸、熥熨是其中很有特色的治疗手段。16世纪开始西方近代医学入华，清康熙时期入宫西洋医者数量颇多，他们参与到口腔疾病的诊疗中。清末西医入华出现第2次高峰，清宫也出现了陈镜容以西医技术开设的牙医室。.