This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction The CREB Family of Transcription Factors CREB Family Members and Close Friends Structural Features of the CREB Family of Transcription Factors Gene Structure and the Regulation of Expression of CREB Family Members The CREB Binding Protein Structure and Multifunction The CREB Activation Pathway Post-Translational Regulation of CREB Activity Regulation of CBP Function Other Modulators of the CREB Pathway CRE-Binding Activity and CREB Downstream Genes Functions of the CREB Activation Pathway in the Nervous System Regulation of Cellular Responses by the CREB Pathway CREB is Important for Neuronal Survival and Neuroprotection CREB is Required for Axonal Outgrowth and Regeneration CREB has a Role in Neurogenesis and Neuronal Differentiation CBP, Epigenetics and Long-Term Changes in Neuronal Function Regulation of Systemic Responses by the CREB Pathway CREB and Memory CREB and Circadian Rhythms CREB Function and Development Dysregulation of CREB Function and Disease in the Nervous System CREB and Addiction Mental Retardation CREB and Age-Related Memory Impairment CREB and Neurodegenerative Diseases Huntington Disease Alzheimer's Disease CREB and Mental Disorders: Depression and other Disorders of Mood Conclusions Abbreviations