All‐Solution‐Processed Silver Nanowire Window Electrode‐Based Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Enabled with Amorphous Metal Oxide Protection

Abstract Silver nanowire (AgNW)‐based transparent electrodes prepared via an all‐solution‐process are proposed as bottom electrodes in flexible perovskite solar cells (PVSCs). To enhance the chemical stability of AgNWs, a pinhole‐free amorphous aluminum doped zinc oxide ( a ‐AZO) protection layer is deposited on the AgNW network. Compared to its crystalline counterpart ( c ‐AZO), a ‐AZO substantially improves the chemical stability of the AgNW network. For the first time, it is observed that inadequately protected AgNWs can evanesce via diffusion, whereas a ‐AZO secures the integrity of AgNWs. When an optimally thick a ‐AZO layer is used, the a ‐AZO/AgNW/AZO composite electrode exhibits a transmittance of 88.6% at 550 nm and a sheet resistance of 11.86 Ω sq −1 , which is comparable to that of commercial fluorine doped tin oxide. The PVSCs fabricated with a configuration of Au/spiro‐OMeTAD/CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 /ZnO/AZO/AgNW/AZO on rigid and flexible substrates can achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 13.93% and 11.23%, respectively. The PVSC with the a ‐AZO/AgNW/AZO composite electrode retains 94% of its initial PCE after 400 bending iterations with a bending radius of 12.5 mm. The results clearly demonstrate the potential of AgNWs as bottom electrodes in flexible PVSCs, which can facilitate the commercialization and large‐scale deployment of PVSCs.