医学
多导睡眠图
莫达非尼
白天过度嗜睡
嗜睡症
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
睡眠(系统调用)
睡眠麻痹
睡眠障碍
多次睡眠潜伏期试验
非快速眼动睡眠
不宁腿综合征
麻醉
快速眼动睡眠行为障碍
睡眠开始
精神科
梅德林
安眠药
失眠症
呼吸暂停
脑电图
操作系统
计算机科学
作者
Kannan Ramar,Eric N. Olson
出处
期刊:PubMed
日期:2013-08-15
卷期号:88 (4): 231-8
被引量:22
摘要
Sleep disorders are common and affect sleep quality and quantity, leading to increased morbidity. Patients with sleep disorders can be categorized as those who cannot sleep, those who will not sleep, those with excessive daytime sleepiness, and those with increased movements during sleep. Insomnia, defined as difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep that results in daytime impairment, is diagnosed using history findings and treated with cognitive behavior therapy, with or without sleep hypnotics. Restless legs syndrome is characterized by an urge to move the legs that worsens with rest, is relieved by movement, and often occurs in the evening or at night. Restless legs syndrome is treated based on the frequency of symptoms. Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, hypnagogic or hypnopompic hallucinations, and sleep paralysis. It is diagnosed using a sleep log or actigraphy, followed by overnight polysomnography and a multiple sleep latency test. Narcolepsy is treated with stimulants, such as modafinil; selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors; or gamma hydroxybutyric acid (sodium oxybate). Patients with snoring and witnessed apneas may have obstructive sleep apnea, which is diagnosed using overnight polysomnography. Continuous positive airway pressure is the most common and effective treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. Rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder is characterized by increased muscle tone during rapid eye movement sleep, resulting in the patient acting out dreams with possible harmful consequences. It is diagnosed based on history and polysomnography findings, and treated with environmental safety measures and melatonin or clonazepam.
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