Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry-Based Phytochemical Profiling and Pharmacological Evaluation of Pyrus malus L. Leaves in Mice Model

Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical, analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, and antihyperglycemic effects of solvent fractions of Pyrus malus L. leaves in different experimental mice models. Materials and Methods: Quantitative and qualitative analyses were conducted for preliminary phytochemical screening of different phytoconstituents. Pharmacological assessment including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, antispasmodic, and antihyperglycemic activities were evaluated following standard methods. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used for the tentative identification different phytocompounds in the chloroform fraction of the plant. Results: The findings showed that P. malus leaf solvent fractions were safe at dosages up to 2000 mg/kg. The existence of numerous significant phytochemicals with pharmacological activities, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, triterpenoids, and anthraquinones were revealed by the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the plant. In pharmacological assessment, the chloroform fraction exhibited significant ( P < 0.05; P < 0.01) analgesic (24 ± 0.38**), anti-inflammatory (5.000 ± 0.58*), antipyretic (101.3 ± 0.82*), antispasmodic (36.05** ±0.32), and antihyperglycemic (126.72 ± 0.09**) potentials at a dose of 300 mg/kg significantly higher than other fractions and comparable to standard drugs. GC–MS analysis tentatively identified 30 compounds in the chloroform extract of the plant. Conclusions: The investigation confirms that chloroform extract exhibited highest pharmacological activities among all extracts and supporting the therapeutic importance of the plant in indigenous remedies. Additional studies on needed for purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from chloroform extract and also confirm its antidiabetic property by in vivo studies.