The Science and Tradition of Calendula: A Review of Phytochemistry and Ethnopharmacology

For millennia, people have utilized Calendula officinalis Linn. (CO), a well-known medicinal herb belonging to the Asteraceae family of plants. Flavonoids, triterpenoids, glycosides, saponins, volatile oil, carotenoids, amino acids, steroids, sterols, and quinines are all present in this plant. Numerous biological effects, including hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anthelminthic, and antioxidant properties, are conferred by these chemical compounds. It's also used for gastrointestinal, gynecological, ophthalmic, and skin disorders, as well as some burn situations. We have included contemporary studies on the therapeutic uses of Calendula officinalis over the previous five years in this review, emphasizing the plant's wide range of uses in traditional medicine. We have also clarified the molecular mechanisms and current clinical research of Calendula officinalis. Essentially, the goal of this study is to provide a comprehensive overview, bridge any gaps in the literature, and offer a plethora of opportunities for investigators seeking to support conventional wisdom and promote the responsible and efficient application of calendula officinalis for a range of medical conditions.