位错
材料科学
拓扑缺陷
电池(电)
纳米颗粒
纳米材料
相(物质)
纳米技术
纳米尺度
拓扑(电路)
化学物理
凝聚态物理
化学
物理
功率(物理)
有机化学
数学
量子力学
组合数学
复合材料
作者
Andrew Ulvestad,Andrej Singer,Jesse N. Clark,H. M. Cho,Jong Woo Kim,Ross Harder,J. Mäser,Ying Shirley Meng,Oleg Shpyrko
出处
期刊:Science
[American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)]
日期:2015-06-19
卷期号:348 (6241): 1344-1347
被引量:322
标识
DOI:10.1126/science.aaa1313
摘要
Topological defects can markedly alter nanomaterial properties. This presents opportunities for "defect engineering," where desired functionalities are generated through defect manipulation. However, imaging defects in working devices with nanoscale resolution remains elusive. We report three-dimensional imaging of dislocation dynamics in individual battery cathode nanoparticles under operando conditions using Bragg coherent diffractive imaging. Dislocations are static at room temperature and mobile during charge transport. During the structural phase transformation, the lithium-rich phase nucleates near the dislocation and spreads inhomogeneously. The dislocation field is a local probe of elastic properties, and we find that a region of the material exhibits a negative Poisson's ratio at high voltage. Operando dislocation imaging thus opens a powerful avenue for facilitating improvement and rational design of nanostructured materials.
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