Validation of a clinical score in predicting pancreatic fistula after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Background Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is one of the most severe complications after cephalic pancreaticoduodenectomy, with mortality as high as 30%. Risk scores may help predict the risk of POPF. Multiple external validations substantially improve generalized clinical acceptability of a scoring system.Aim The aim of this study was to externally validate previously described fistula risk score in the prediction of clinically relevant POPF.Methods All patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for any indication during a 5-year period were prospectively analyzed. A total of 132 patients were analyzed.Results Of the 132 patients, 44 (33.3%) developed pancreatic fistula, including 12.9% biochemical leaks, 7.6% grade B fistula, and 12.9% grade C fistula. Cut-off point of 4.5 was determined to best separate patients who developed clinically relevant POPF with area under curve of 78% (p = .00003). Sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of clinically relevant POPF with the cut-off value of 4.5 was 70.4 and 74.3%, respectively. Positive predictive value with cut-off value 4.5 was 57.8%, and negative predictive value was 83.4%.Conclusion Fistula risk score identified low risk patients with false negative rate of 16.6%. Further external validation studies on large cohorts of patients and with wide case-mix may enable additional refinements of the score model.