Determination of the Secondary Structure of Kluyveromyces lactis β-Galactosidase by Circular Dichroism and Its Structure−Activity Relationship as a Function of the pH

The secondary structure of Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase was determined by circular dichroism. It is mainly a β-type protein, having 22% β-turns, 14% parallel β-sheet, 25% antiparallel β-sheet, 34% unordered structure, and only 5% α-helix. The structure−activity relationship as a function of the pH was also studied. The pH conditions leading to the highest secondary structure content (100% ellipticity) of the enzyme was found at pH 7.0; at pH 6.5−7.0, the percent ellipticity decreased slightly, suggesting little structural change, but the activity decreased significantly, probably because of variations in critical residues. On the other hand, at pH's above 7.0, a more noticeable change in ellipticity was observed due to structural changes; the CD analysis showed a small increase in the helical content toward higher pH, whereas the maximum activity was found at pH 7.5, meaning that the changes produced in the secondary structure at this pH favored the interaction between the enzyme and the substrate. Keywords: Lactase; Kluyveromyces lactis β-galactosidase; secondary structure; circular dichroism.