Total saliva and toothplaque values were investigated with caries active persons during the use of xylital containing chewing gum. 20 caries active individuals (DMFS 54.4) chewed 5 xylitol chewing gums per day over a period of 4 weeks. The most important result was the reduction in lacto-bacilli values. This may have occurred because of the inability of acid forming bacteria to metabolise xylitol.