The size matching test of perfect round pearl nucleus and freshwater pearl mussel Hyriopsis cumingii which cultivated pearl nucleus in visceral mass was firstly reported.The effects of pearl mussel size on nucleus retaining rate,nucleated pearl forming rate,perfect round pearl rate,pearl surface smoothness and glossiness,pearl quality,etc.were studied.The results showed that the optical size for pearl mussel was 12.0-12.2 cm when the 8.00-8.25 mm pearl nucleus was used.