Addition of blood flow restriction to passive mobilization reduces the rate of muscle wasting in elderly patients in the intensive care unit: a within-patient randomized trial

OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the addition of blood flow restriction to passive mobilization in patients in the intensive care unit. DESIGN:: The study was a within-patient randomized trial. SETTING:: Two intensive care units in Belém, from September to October 2017. SUBJECTS:: In total, 34 coma patients admitted to the intensive care unit sector, and 20 patients fulfilled the study requirements. INTERVENTIONS:: All participants received the passive mobilization protocol for lower limbs, and blood flow restriction was added only for one side in a concurrent fashion. Intervention lasted the entire patient's hospitalization time. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT:: Thigh muscle thickness and circumference. RESULTS:: In total, 34 subjects were enrolled in the study: 11 were excluded for exclusion criteria, 3 for death, and 20 completed the intervention (17 men and 3 women; mean age: 66 ± 4.3 years). Despite both groups presented atrophy, the atrophy rate was lower in blood flow restriction limb in relation to the control limb (-2.1 vs. -2.8 mm, respectively, in muscle thickness; P = 0.001). In addition, the blood flow restriction limb also had a smaller reduction in the thigh circumference than the control limb (-2.5 vs. -3.6 cm, respectively; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION:: The use of blood flow restriction did not present adverse effects and seems to be a valid strategy to reduce the magnitude of the rate of muscle wasting that occurs in intensive care unit patients.