Early-life gut microbial reconstitution with Lactobacillus johnsonii during lactation mitigates high-fat diet-induced obesity in adult mice

during the lactation period substantially mitigated these programmed metabolic alterations. Our findings causally link ELOF, early-life gut microbial imbalance, and late-onset obesity in mice, and suggest that probiotic intervention during critical developmental periods may serve as an effective strategy to mitigate the obesity imprint in infants and young children.