Fatty Acid Composition of Human Brain Phospholipids During Normal Development

Abstract: The fatty acid composition of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), ethanolamine plasmalogens (EPs), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin was studied in 22 human forebrains, ranging in age from 26 prenatal weeks to 8 postnatal years. Phospholipids were separated by two‐dimensional TLC, and the fatty acid methyl esters studied by capillary column GLC. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3) increased with age in PE and PC, whereas arachidonic acid (20:4n‐6) remained quite constant. In EP, 22:6n‐3 increased less markedly than 20:4n‐6, adrenic (22:4n‐6) and oleic (18:1n‐9) acids being the predominant fatty acids during postnatal age. In PS, 18:1n‐9 increased dramatically throughout development, and 20:4n‐6 and 22:4n‐6 increased only until ∼6 months of age. Although 22:6n‐3 kept quite constant during development in PS, its percentage decreased due to the accretion of other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). As a characteristic myelin lipid, sphingomyelin was mainly constituted by very long chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. Among them, nervonic acid (24:1n‐9) was the major very long chain fatty acid in Sp, followed by 24:0, 26:1n‐9, and 26:0, and its accretion after birth was dramatic. As myelination advanced, 18:1n‐9 increased markedly in all four glycerophospholipids, predominating in EP, PS, and PC. In contrast, 22:6n‐3 was the most important PUFA in PE in the mature forebrain.