材料科学
金属
表面张力
氧化物
液态金属
表面能
电化学
电流体力学
微流控
纳米技术
镓
半导体
化学工程
光电子学
电极
复合材料
化学
冶金
物理
物理化学
工程类
量子力学
作者
M. Rashed Khan,Collin B. Eaker,Edmond F. Bowden,Michael D. Dickey
标识
DOI:10.1073/pnas.1412227111
摘要
Significance We present a method to control the interfacial energy of a liquid metal via electrochemical deposition (or removal) of an oxide layer on its surface. Unlike conventional surfactants, this approach can tune the interfacial tension of a metal significantly (from ∼7× that of water to near zero), rapidly, and reversibly using only modest voltages. These properties can be harnessed to induce previously unidentified electrohydrodynamic phenomena for manipulating liquid metal alloys based on gallium, which may enable shape-reconfigurable metallic components in electronic, electromagnetic, and microfluidic devices without the use of toxic mercury. The results also suggest that oxides—which are ubiquitous on most metals and semiconductors—may be harnessed to lower interfacial energy between dissimilar materials.
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