分解者
矿化(土壤科学)
共生
外生菌根
营养循环
自行车
生物
磷
菌根真菌
菌根
菌丝
植物
生态系统
生态学
化学
土壤水分
接种
细菌
园艺
历史
考古
有机化学
遗传学
作者
Jan Jansa,Roger D. Finlay,Håkan Wallander,F. A. Smith,Sally E. Smith
出处
期刊:Soil biology
日期:2010-10-16
卷期号:: 137-168
被引量:85
标识
DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-15271-9_6
摘要
Roots of most terrestrial plants are colonized by symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi. These fungi confer various benefits to their hosts under phosphorus (P) limitation and other stress conditions. The most widespread are the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) types. Many mycorrhizal fungi can efficiently take up P from the soil solution and transport it to the plants. This plant-directed P flux is fueled by a net flux of carbon in the opposite direction. Evidence exists that some ECM and other mycorrhizal fungi also exude large amounts of lytic enzymes and organic acids, which in turn release recalcitrant organic and mineral P into the soil. These processes can bypass organic P mineralization by free-living decomposers, effectively short-circuiting soil–plant P cycling. In addition, specific prokaryotes associate with mycorrhizal fungal hyphae, potentially enhancing access to recalcitrant P forms. This is particularly important for the AM fungi that seem to have little direct access to those P forms. The consequences of mycorrhizal diversity for soil–plant P cycling and the impact of human activities on it are briefly outlined.
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