Covalent organic framework-based assembly systems for the intracellular delivery of proteins: opportunities and challenges

NanomedicineVol. 16, No. 15 EditorialCovalent organic framework-based assembly systems for the intracellular delivery of proteins: opportunities and challengesShengnan Zhou, Danyou Hu, Zhirui Fang & Guiyang ZhangShengnan ZhouDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Danyou HuDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Zhirui FangDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author & Guiyang Zhang *Author for correspondence: E-mail Address: guiyangzhang@ahmu.edu.cnhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0569-2777Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, ChinaSearch for more papers by this authorPublished Online:14 May 2021https://doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2021-0062AboutSectionsView ArticleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInReddit View articleKeywords: COF-polymercovalent organic frameworks (COFs)noncarriersprotein intracellular deliveryReferences1. Côté AP, Benin AI, Ockwig NW, O'Keeffe M, Matzger AJ, Yaghi OM. Porous, crystalline, covalent organic frameworks. Science 310(5751), 1166–1170 (2005).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar2. Urquhart L. Top drugs and companies by sales in 2018. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 18, 245 (2019).Google Scholar3. Liu C, Wan T, Wang H, Zhang S, Ping Y, Cheng Y. A boronic acid–rich dendrimer with robust and unprecedented efficiency for cytosolic protein delivery and CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing. Sci. Adv. 5(6), eaaw8922 (2019).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar4. Verdin E, Ott M. 50 years of protein acetylation: from gene regulation to epigenetics, metabolism and beyond. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 16(4), 258–264 (2004).Crossref, Google Scholar5. Casey PJ. Protein lipidation in cell signaling. Science 268(5208), 221 (1995).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar6. Sinha VR, Trehan A. Biodegradable microspheres for protein delivery. J. Control. Release 90, 261–280 (2003).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar7. Mout R, Ray M, Tay T, Sasaki K, Yesilbag Tonga G, Rotello VM. A general strategy for direct cytosolic protein delivery via protein–nanoparticle Co-engineering. ACS Nano 11(6), 6416–6421 (2017).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar8. Lv J, Fan Q, Wang H, Cheng Y. Polymers for cytosolic protein delivery. Biomaterials 218, 119358 (2019).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar9. Shao D, Li M, Wang Z et al. Bioinspired diselenide-bridged mesoporous silica nanoparticles for dual-responsive protein delivery. Adv. Mater. 30(29), 1801198 (2018).Crossref, Google Scholar10. Feng D, Liu TF, Su J et al. Stable metal-organic frameworks containing single-molecule traps for enzyme encapsulation. Nat. Commun. 6(1), 5979 (2015).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar11. Li P, Moon SY, Guelta MA, Harvey SP, Hupp JT, Farha OK. Encapsulation of a nerve agent detoxifying enzyme by a mesoporous zirconium metal–organic framework engenders thermal and long-term stability. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138(26), 8052–8055 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar12. Ouyang G, Chen G, Huang S et al. Convenient and versatile amino acid-boosted biomimetic strategy for nondestructive encapsulation of biomacromolecules within metal−organic framework. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 58, 1463–1467 (2019).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar13. Chen TT, Yi JT, Zhao YY, Chu X. Biomineralized metal–organic framework nanoparticles enable intracellular delivery and endo-lysosomal release of native active proteins. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 140(31), 9912–9920 (2018).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar14. Liang W, Ricco R, Maddigan NK et al. Control of structure topology and spatial distribution of biomacromolecules in protein@ZIF-8 biocomposites. Chem. Mater. 30(3), 1069–1077 (2018).Crossref, CAS, Google Scholar15. Wang Z, Zhang S, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Ma S. Covalent organic frameworks for separation applications. Chem. Soc. Rev. 49, 708–735 (2020).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar16. Zeng Y, Zou R, Luo Z et al. Covalent organic frameworks formed with two types of covalent bonds based on orthogonal reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(3), 1020–1023 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar17. Fang Q, Wang J, Gu S et al. 3D porous crystalline polyimide covalent organic frameworks for drug delivery. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137(26), 8352–8355 (2015).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar18. Vyas VS, Vishwakarma M, Moudrakovski I et al. Exploiting noncovalent interactions in an imine-based covalent organic framework for quercetin delivery. Adv. Mater. 28(39), 8749–8754 (2016).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar19. Zhang G, Li X, Liao Q et al. Water-dispersible PEG-curcumin/amine-functionalized covalent organic framework nanocomposites as smart carriers for in vivo drug delivery. Nat. Commun. 9, 2785 (2018).Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar20. Zhang G, Jiang B, Wu C et al. Thin platelet-like COF nanocomposites for blood brain barrier transport and inhibition of brain metastasis from renal cancer. J. Mater. Chem. B 8, 4475–4488 (2020).Crossref, Medline, CAS, Google Scholar21. Zhang G, Ji Y, Li X et al. Polymer–covalent organic frameworks composites for glucose and pH dual-responsive insulin delivery in mice. Adv. Healthc. Mater. 9(14), 2000221 (2020).Crossref, CAS, Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByCharacteristic Synthesis of a Covalent Organic Framework and Its Application in Multifunctional Tumor Therapy19 December 2021 | ACS Applied Bio Materials, Vol. 5, No. 1 Vol. 16, No. 15 Follow us on social media for the latest updates Metrics Downloaded 234 times History Received 16 February 2021 Accepted 12 March 2021 Published online 14 May 2021 Published in print June 2021 Information© 2021 Future Medicine LtdKeywordsCOF-polymercovalent organic frameworks (COFs)noncarriersprotein intracellular deliveryFinancial & competing interests disclosureThis work was supported by the colleges and universities in Anhui Province Natural Science Research Projects (KJ2019A0942). The authors have no other relevant affiliations or financial involvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript apart from those disclosed.No writing assistance was utilized in the preparation of this manuscript.PDF download