Factors affecting the piezoelectric performance of ceramic-polymer composites: A comprehensive review

Over the past few decades, piezoelectric materials have emerged as one of the powerful platforms for energy harvesting applications. Nowadays, they offer sustainable solutions for high-performance, low-power electronic devices required in numerous industry fields such as aerospace, automotive, and biomedical devices. Ceramic-polymer piezoelectric composites combine the advantages of ceramics as well as the mechanical flexibility and weight of the polymers. This paper reviews various factors such as crystallinity, the orientation of filler particles, etc. that affect the piezoelectric performance. Generally, the piezoelectric performance can be measured using a variety of key parameters, such as piezoelectric charge coefficient (d33), piezoelectric voltage coefficient (g33), and dielectric constant (εr). The parameters are presented throughout the review to justify the enhancement of the piezoelectric performance of piezoceramic-polymer composites.