Advances and Prospects in Palladium‐Based Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Alkaline Environments

Abstract Developing platinum‐free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for advancing fuel cell technology due to the scarcity and high cost of platinum. Palladium‐based electrocatalysts have emerged as promising alternatives, particularly in anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs), which offer advantages such as enhanced durability and reduced carbon corrosion compared to proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This review discusses the benefits of AEMFCs over PEMFCs by focusing on ORR mechanisms and operational challenges. We then comprehensively summarize recent advancements in Pd‐based electrocatalysts for ORR in alkaline media, emphasizing how optimized nanostructure morphology, alloying with other metals, or utilizing ordered Pd materials and advanced catalyst‐supports improve catalytic performance. The role of nonmetal dopants and innovative synthesis strategies in improving activity and stability is also discussed. Despite advances, the long‐term stability of Pd‐based electrocatalysts remains a critical challenge due to multiple factors. We discuss advanced approaches to overcome these issues. Finally, we provided a concise outlook and potential solutions for addressing these challenges toward achieving the DOE‐USA targets and future research directions for utilizing the use of Pd‐based ORR electrocatalysts. This review highlights the transformative potential of Pd‐based electrocatalysts and the need for continued research to achieve sustainable fuel cells.