Synthesis of graphene derivatives from plastic waste via pyrolysis: challenges, characterization and applications

The effective management of plastic waste remains one of the most crucial environmental and technological challenges today. Among the various recycling strategies, pyrolysis-based technologies have emerged as a highly efficient and cost-effective approach for converting plastic waste into valuable products. This review research is intended to clarify the many approaches for graphene production, as well as the structure and characteristics of graphene and its derivatives. Pyrolysis-based recycling technologies are becoming the most efficient method because of their strength and affordability. In this review study, we intend to elaborate on the different techniques for the synthesis of graphene along with the structure and properties of graphene and its derivatives. In addition, the impact of temperature, the influence of various feedstocks, and the impact of various catalyst conditions were analyzed. Using various characterization techniques, the parameters influencing the char quality in the pyrolysis process are closely observed. Additionally, the various uses of synthesized graphene are covered in the current work. Lastly, a summary of the difficulties and potential future developments of synthesized graphene is emphasized.