Unraveling the role of FGF7 in osteoarthritis and osteoporosis: Therapeutic implications and challenges

Fibroblast growth factors (FGF) are involved in the regulation of cellular and physiological processes. Recent findings indicate that FGF7 shields osteoblasts from oxidative stress, diminishes apoptosis, and maintains osteogenic differentiation, thereby offering protection against osteoporosis. In contrast, within the context of osteoarthritis (OA), FGF7 intensifies disease progression through the upregulation of matrix-degrading enzymes, erosion of articular cartilage, and remodeling of subchondral bone. This review underscores the necessity for further investigation into the mechanisms driving FGF7's dual roles and its potential as a therapeutic target. Future research should focus on validating FGF7-targeted therapies in clinical trials and assessing the effects of FGF7 modulators on skeletal health across various orthopedic conditions, including osteoporosis and OA. These efforts are crucial for unraveling the multifaceted nature of FGF7 in bone metabolism and advancing precision medicine approaches for skeletal disorders.