A Mini-review on Dark-Photo Fermentation

Because of the benefits of increased hydrogen yields and greater substrate conversion efficiencies, systematic integration of dark and photo fermentation has gotten a lot of attention recently. This integration can be done in two stages sequentially or in a single stage, with the single-stage integration appearing to be more cost-effective. The primary operating techniques, key factors affecting hydrogen yields, and the overall increase in hydrogen yields realized in the single-stage integration biohydrogen processes are all thoroughly reviewed in this paper. Selection of a more complementary pair of dark and photofermentative microorganisms, optimization of common growing medium composition, and improved tactics for consistent growth pH management and lignocellulosic feedstock facilitation have been recognized as important issues that require more attention and development. Most investigations so far have been performed with batch digesters utilizing unpolluted culture and a sole wastewater, so, the method improvement of the combined two-steps procedure was yet in the early stages. The combination of dark- and photo-fermentation can be used to boost biohydrogen production and substrate utilization, making it the best option for commercial biohydrogen generation. The current status of single-stage integration bio-hydrogen technology has been reviewed, and its potential to become a reliable hydrogen production technology has been factually assessed, based on the insightful talks.