Portal Vein Pressure Estimation and Portal Hypertension Discrimination Based on Subharmonic Scattering of Ultrasound Contrast Agent Microbubbles

The acquisition of real-time portal vein pressure (PVP) is important for portal hypertension (PH) discrimination to monitor disease progress and select treatment options. To date, the PVP evaluation approaches are either invasive or noninvasive but with less stability and sensitivity.