New and traditional methods for antibiotic resistance genes removal: Constructed wetland technology and photocatalysis technology

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are a new environmental contaminant that poses a major hazard to humans and the environment. This research discusses the methods and drawbacks of two ARG removal approaches, constructed wetlands (CWs) and photocatalysis. CWs primarily rely on the synergistic effects of substrate adsorption, plant uptake, and microbial processes to remove ARGs. The removal of ARGs can be influenced by wetland plants, substrate type, wetland type, and hydraulic conditions. The absolute abundance of ARGs in effluent decreased, but their relative abundance increased. Photocatalysis deactivates ARGs predominantly through reactive oxygen species, with removal effectiveness determined by catalyst type, radiation type, and radiation intensity. The drawback is that it exposes intracellular resistance genes, perhaps increasing the risk of ARG spread. To address the current shortcomings, this paper proposes the feasibility of combining a constructed wetland with photocatalysis technology, which provides a novel strategy for ARG removal.