Gypenoside XVII attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and NLRP3 inflammasome-triggered pyroptosis

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury (AKI), for which there is currently no effective treatment. Recently, the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and pyroptosis during AKI has been investigated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of Gypenoside XVII (GP-17) against I/R-induced renal injury. In this study, mice were divided into 6 groups, sham group, I/R group, GP-17 low-, medium-, high-dose group, and positive control 4-PBA group. The renal I/R was performed in mice by clamping the bilateral renal pedicles for 40 min, and then reperfusing for 24 h. Blood and kidney samples were collected for analysis. The results showed that GP-17 improved renal function and alleviated renal histopathological abnormalities caused by I/R. In addition, GP-17 pretreatment significantly decreased the expression or phosphorylation of ER stress response proteins including BIP, p-PERK, and CHOP. Besides, GP-17 inhibited the expression of pyroptosis proteins including caspase-1, GSDMD, and apoptotic protein BAX. The inflammatory factor IL-1β in these GP-17 pretreatment groups was also significantly reduced. GP-17 blocked NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting ERS, thereby inhibiting renal tubular cell pyroptosis and apoptosis, and prevented renal I/R injury.