Evaluation of Dry Eye Disease Characteristics of Children With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and MODY

PURPOSE: To assess dry eye disease characteristics of pediatric patients with diabetes. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with type-1 diabetes mellitus (DM), 20 with type-2 DM, 19 with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), and 20 control participants were included in the study. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, tear film break-up time (TBUT) analysis, Schirmer test with anesthesia, and conjunctival impression cytologic analysis were performed. RESULTS: In Group 1, the Schirmer test and TBUT values were lower than the control group. In groups 1 to 3, OSDI scores were higher than the control group. In Groups 1 and 2, the goblet cell density was lower than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Dry eye parameters of all three diabetic groups were adversely affected in favor of dry eye disease. Children with MODY have increased OSDI scores. Alterations in the conjunctival impression cytology were observed more prominently in patients with type-1 DM.