Electro-optic modulation in amorphous silicon nitride photonic integrated platforms [Invited]

Electro-optic modulation is a key functionality for compact photonic integrated circuits. Linear electro-optic modulation has been lacking in amorphous photonic platforms like silicon nitride due to the absence of intrinsic second-order nonlinearities. Electrical poling by thermal or optical assistance as well as heterogeneous integration of hybrid devices is under development to unlock electro-optic capabilities on silicon nitride platforms. This paper provides an overview of methodologies reported in the literature for achieving linear electro-optic modulation in integrated amorphous structures.