Immune Characterization of Intracranial Aneurysms Using Noninvasive Endoluminal Biopsy With High-Dimensional Single-Cell Phenotyping

This study demonstrates that noninvasive endoluminal biopsy combined with high-dimensional single-cell immune phenotyping can identify distinct immune signatures in IAs. A shift toward neutrophil-dominant inflammation was associated with aneurysm growth and rupture. Limitations include the cross-sectional design, which limits causal inference. These findings may support future development of immune-based biomarkers and targeted immunomodulatory therapies to stabilize IAs and prevent rupture.