Advances in the preparation and application of liquid crystal microcapsules

Liquid crystals represent a unique state that bridges the characteristics of both crystalline solids and liquids. The cholesteric phase of liquid crystals, known for its distinctive thermochromic properties and reversible structural transformations, holds great promise for applications in flexible displays, temperature sensors, smart textiles, and biomedicine. However, the inherent fluidity and susceptibility to contamination of liquid crystals pose challenges.To address these issues while preserving the properties and efficacy of liquid crystals, liquid crystal microcapsule technology has emerged as a novel solution. This technology aims to control the fluid behaviour and prevent contamination without compromising the essential attributes of liquid crystals. This paper delves into various preparation methods for liquid crystal microcapsules, providing a comprehensive review of microcapsules created using each method in recent years, along with their applications.The microfluidic approach, which has become the predominant and most effective preparation method in recent times, is discussed in detail. Finally, the paper explores the current obstacles and future prospects for the development of liquid crystal microcapsules. As researchers continue to explore and refine this technology, the potential for innovative applications across multiple fields remains promising, paving the way for exciting advancements in the future.