The development of translational medicine in hospitals in China is analyzed from the perspectives of both institutional construction and translational research. From the point view of institutional construction, Translational Medicine Centers in US, mostly relies on universities, so they have more perfect organizational structure. But in China, most of them are established in hospitals or clinical centers, and are more dispersed and spontaneously formed. Due to the lack of national-level planning, it is difficult to form a more efficient translational medicine research system. But the rapid development of translational medicine institutions has brought an increase of research output in translational research. Domestic translational medical research mostly explores the pathogenesis and interventions of diseases from the basic research, that is, the integration between clinical issues and laboratory techniques, cell biology, biochemistry and molecular biology, pharmacology, and applied biotechnology. Translational research in oncology, cardiovascular disease, endocrine and metabolic diseases, digestive and abdominal diseases has brought more attention in China. Finally strategies and recommendations on the development of translational medicine in hospitals are proposed.