Entanglement-free determination of pretilt angles of twisted nematic liquid-crystal cells by phase measurement

The pretilt angle of a twisted nematic (TN) liquid crystal display has a strong effect on viewing angles and response times of the display as well as shifting the light-leaking disclination lines into the black-matrix area within pixels of a thin-film-transistor driven TN panel for a high contrast ratio. In this Letter, we develop an optical method to determine the TN pretilt angle based on heterodyne measurements of the phase versus the incident angle of a thin TN cell subjected to out-of-plane rotations. We believe that our method of measuring phases has advantages of simpler setup and calculations, better stability, and less sensitive to ambient electromagnetic interference than the commonly used method of measuring intensities.