Caracterização molecular de cepas de Trypanosoma Cruzi isolada na zona urbana da cidade de Salvador/Ba

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by the flagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi. The T. cruzi strains constitute a heterogeneous population, with several subpopulations. These populations move between domestic vertebrate animals, wildlife and humans, and insect vectors. Because of these multiple relationships, T. cruzi demonstrates great biological diversity, genetic, biochemical and immunological. The characterization of T. cruzi strains can use various methodologies that may have biological, biochemical, and molecular isoenzyme focus. Among these, the molecular been gaining attention due to speed, sensitivity and precision of the method. Thus, the present study the objective was to characterize molecularly strains of Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas 1909) isolated in vectors and reservoirs in the urban area of Salvador. Were included in this study T. cruzi samples of insects and shells from different localities of the city of Salvador, captured between July 2007 and June 2011, a total of four years of sampling. We adopt molecular typing technique of T. cruzi suggested by Zingales et al. (2009) in a capillary electrophoresis system. Of the 930 samples evaluated triatomine 99.35% of Triatoma tibiamaculata, 482 samples (52%) were not in analytical conditions. Of the 448 samples amenable to analysis 192 samples were randomized (43%) for evaluation of T. cruzi strain. Among the samples analyzed, 20 (10.4%) had no satisfactory signal in capillary electrophoresis and were excluded, leaving 172 samples. T. cruzi was detected in 21.5% of samples of insects (n = 37). The typing revealed the following profile in positive samples: T. cruzi 1 (32.4%) T. cruzi 2 (59.4%) T. cruzi 3 (2.7%). Triatominae was also detected with multiple infections with different strains of T. cruzi 1 & 2 (5.4%). Additionally, we evaluated 78 marsupials, Didelphis spp. The infection rate in marsupials was 29.4%, and the positive samples was observed the following molecular profile of typing T. cruzi: T. cruzi 1 (30.4%), T. cruzi 2 (60.8% ), T. cruzi 1 and 2 (8.6%). The high rate of infection vectors and reservoirs can be evaluated effect of forest fragmentation caused by urban sprawl. Triatoma tibiamaculata has been associated with oral transmission of T. cruzi by infected food in Brazil and the occurrence of infected specimens of this species within domestic environments in the city of Salvador is a risk factor for the transmission of Chagas disease to the local population. The data obtained in the molecular typing of strains isolated from Salvador showed a greater prevalence of T. cruzi 2 then 1 of T. cruzi in vectors and reservoirs evaluated. The presence of infected bugs and marsupials, co-habiting and harboring various strains of T. cruzi in urban areas of occupation is warning reason for the oversight bodies in local health