淋巴系统
淋巴系统
血管周围间隙
脑脊液
背景(考古学)
间质液
神经科学
中枢神经系统
医学
脑膜
病理
心室系统
解剖
颅骨
脊髓
脑积水
生物
外科
古生物学
作者
Vladimir N. Nikolenko,M. V. Oganesyan,A. D. Vovkogon,Arina Timofeevna Nikitina,Ekaterina A. Sozonova,V. A. Kudryashova,Negoria A. Rizaeva,Ricardo Cabezas,Marco Avila-Rodríguez,Margarita E. Neganova,L.M. Mikhaleva,С. О. Бачурин,Siva G Somasundaram,Cecil E Kirkland,Vadim V. Tarasov,Gjumrakch Aliev
出处
期刊:Current Neuropharmacology
[Bentham Science]
日期:2020-11-09
卷期号:18 (11): 1054-1063
被引量:20
标识
DOI:10.2174/1570159x17666191113103850
摘要
Until recently, it was thought that there were no lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system (CNS). Therefore, all metabolic processes were assumed to take place only in the circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and through the blood-brain barrier’s (BBB), which regulate ion transport and ensure the functioning of the CNS. However, recent findings yield a new perspective: There is an exchange of CSF with interstitial fluid (ISF), which is drained to the paravenous space and reaches lymphatic nodes at the end. This circulation is known as the glymphatic system. The glymphatic system is an extensive network of meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLV) in the basal area of the skull that provides another path for waste products from CNS to reach the bloodstream. MLV develop postnatally, initially appearing around the foramina in the basal part of the skull and the spinal cord, thereafter sprouting along the skull’s blood vessels and spinal nerves in various areas of the meninges. VEGF-C protein (vascular endothelial growth factor), expressed mainly by vascular smooth cells, plays an important role in the development of the MLV. The regenerative potential and plasticity of MLV and the novel discoveries related to CNS drainage offer potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia, hydrocephalus, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer disease (AD). Herein, we present an overview of the structure and function of the glymphatic system and MLV, and their potential involvement in the pathology and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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