Invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised hosts: diagnostic and management challenges

Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is a life-threatening fungal infection that primarily affects immunocompromised individuals. The at-risk population continues to expand due to broader use of immunosuppressive therapies and increasing recognition of non-traditional risk groups. Diagnosis remains challenging due to the non-specific clinical features and limitations in the performance of current diagnostic tests. Although advances in antifungal agents and therapeutic strategies have led to improved outcomes, treatment failure and the emergence of antifungal resistance remain significant concerns. This review summarizes current knowledge on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of IA, and highlights recent advances, persistent challenges, and priorities for future research.