Progress on pigment dispersion issues

Purpose Pigments, as essential colorants, are extensively used in industries such as coatings, inks and plastics. However, the dispersibility of pigments during application critically affects their performance. Therefore, it is crucial to enhance pigment dispersion to improve their application performance. This paper aims to offer valuable insights into the enhancement of pigment dispersion. Design/methodology/approach Drawing upon existing research on pigment dispersion, this study synthesizes key achievements into two main categories: pigment dispersion mechanism and pigment dispersion technology. Findings Concerning pigment dispersion mechanism, the article summarizes the three pivotal processes and their respective mechanisms: wetting, dispersion and stabilization. In addition, research advances in computational modeling and structure–activity relationship studies are introduced. Regarding pigment dispersion technology, the paper reviews technological advancements in the utilization of surfactants, solid solution preparation, application of potential pigments, manufacture of pigment derivatives and encapsulation of polymer materials. Originality/value Understanding the dispersion mechanism and dispersion technology is instrumental in guiding pigment dispersion practices. Effective application of these principles can enhance pigment performance and expand their application scope.