Principles of CRISPR-Cas9 technology: Advancements in genome editing and emerging trends in drug delivery

The rapid advancement of CRISPR-Cas9 technology has instigated a profound transformation in genome editing with significant implications for fields like health, agriculture, and biotechnology. This abstract provides an overview of the historical significance and fundamental components of CRISPR-Cas9, notably the Cas9 protein and guide RNA, underscoring its pivotal role in genetic manipulation. It emphasizes CRISPR-Cas9's preeminence in the domain of precise genome editing, driving breakthroughs in personalized medicine, gene therapy, and agriculture. Of paramount importance is the integration of nanomaterials, encompassing lipid-based and polymeric nanoparticles, alongside viral vectors, serving as potent vehicles for CRISPR-Cas9, augmenting delivery efficiency and precision. We explore strategies aimed at enhancing CRISPR-Cas9 through nanomaterials, while also addressing ethical and regulatory considerations. In the expert opinion section, we offer a nuanced perspective on the present state of the field, highlighting the potential for transformative progress in research and therapy. CRISPR-Cas9 stands on the brink of unlocking new possibilities in genome editing, providing innovative solutions to address pressing global challenges.