Safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery after surgery among patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Enhanced recovery after surgery is widely used in the perioperative period in the field of urology; however, it lacks comprehensive and systematic evidence supporting its efficacy and safety after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of enhanced recovery after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Methods and analysis Relevant databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, The Cochrane Library, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Document Service System, and Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database, will be searched from their inception to 19 September 2022. Two researchers will independently screen the literature, extract data and evaluate the included studies. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation will be used to assess the degree of certainty of the evidence. Based on the Cochrane Handbook V.5.1.0, the risk of bias assessment of the included randomised controlled trials will be assessed. Based on their randomisation method, allocation generation, concealment, blinding and follow-up, we will assess randomised controlled trials. Random-effects and fixed-effects models and subgroup analyses will be used for meta-analysis. RevMan V.5.4.1 will be used for data collection and meta-analysis. Ethics and dissemination Due to the nature of this systematic review, ethics approval is not required for this study. We will publish the results of this review in a peer-reviewed journal. PROSPERO registration number CRD42023411520.