Prelithiation of electrodes in lithium-ion capacitors: A review

Lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) are one of the modern state-of-the-art hybrid capacitors, comprising a high potential window and imparting a higher energy density than supercapacitors (SCs). These LICs encompass elevated power density and a longer life span than lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Preparation of high-performance electrode materials with electrochemically active microstructure and prelithiation are two efficient approaches to fabricate highly efficient LICs. But it comes across as a real dilemma of low initial Columbic efficiency if only microstructure is considered as an efficient way to enhance the performance. Nevertheless, prelithiation plays a crucial role in the manufacturing of LICs, improving the initial Coulombic efficiency and enlarging the voltage window. This paper reviews the recent lithiation approaches for lithium-ion capacitors by providing their methods and discussing their results concerning their energy and power density.