Computational method for rapid screening of the metabolites of Pulsatilla chinensis in rats using UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS combined with mass spectrum-based orthogonal projection

Screening metabolites in vivo can be challenging due to the complexity of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and the ambiguous intracorporal process. To resolve this problem, we established the mass spectrum-based orthogonal projection (MSOP) method to differentiate prototype compounds from metabolites in vivo and applied it to the study of metabolites of Pulsatilla chinensis (PC). Initially, the validity and feasibility of the MSOP method were verified by using the ultra- high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) data of reference solution. Then, the MSOP method was applied to screen the metabolites of PC. A total of 63 metabolites were identified in vivo (urine, feces, bile, and plasma samples) and in vitro (intestinal bacteria biological sample). The results indicated that the main metabolic pathways of pentacyclic triterpenoids were demethylation, oxidation, dehydration, sulfation, and glucuronidation reactions. This study contributes to developing an integrated strategy based on chemometrics to characterize and classify the metabolism feature of pentacyclic triterpenoids of PC. This will support the scientific and rational application of PC in the clinic. The MSOP method based on the orthogonality of MS signals was used to differentiate the prototype compounds from metabolites in vivo. The method provides scientific and reliable support for fully understanding the metabolic fate of TCM.