Compressed Air Energy Storage : State-of-the-Art of Lined Rock Cavern

As the market for renewable integration is expected to grow, there is an increasing interest in excavated rock caverns as a solution to overcome the limitations of conventional CAES that use solution-mined salt caverns.One of the major challenges is ensuring the air tightness and pressure resistance performance of lined-rock caverns (LRCs).To address this, we reviewed research on several key aspects, including air tightness, ground uplifting, structural stability of the LRC, excavation damaged zone (EDZ), and thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (T-H-M) interactions.The technical implications of the sensitivity analysis of various design factors that affect the air tightness and stability of LRCs were investigated.We reviewed the reliability-based design of the LRC using a probabilistic approach and evaluated mechanical and hydraulic effects of the EDZ.Additionally, we performed the energy balance analysis based on the T-H-M coupled analysis and determined the optimal operation strategy for the CAES.