Profiling of Tumor Cell‐Delivered Exosome by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy‐Based Biosensor for Evaluation of Nasopharyngeal Cancer Radioresistance

Abstract Although the advancement of radiotherapy significantly improves the survival of nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC), radioresistance associated with recurrence and poor outcomes still remains a daunting challenge in the clinical scenario. Currently, effective biomarkers and convenient detection methods for predicting radioresistance have not been well established. Here, the surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy combined with proteomics is used to firstly profile the characteristic spectral patterns of exosomes secreted from self‐established NPC radioresistance cells, and reveals specific variations of proteins expression during radioresistance formation, including collagen alpha‐2 (I) chain (COL1A2) that is associated with a favorable prognosis in NPC and is negatively associated with DNA repair scores and DNA repair‐related genes via bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, deep learning model‐based diagnostic model is generated to accurately identify the exosomes from radioresistance group. This work demonstrates the promising potential of exosomes as a novel biomarker for predicting the radioresistance and develops a rapid and sensitive liquid biopsy method that will provide a personalized and precise strategy for clinical NPC treatment.