This review summarizes and analyzes the abnormal expression and mechanism of S100A16 in digestive system diseases, which is expected to provide new ideas and methods for adjuvant treatment and prognosis evaluation of digestive system diseases.Based on original publications found in database systems (PubMed, Cochrane), we introduce the mechanism and research progress of S100A16 in digestive system tumors, inflammatory bowel disease and fatty liver.S100A16 is closely related to the proliferation, migration, and invasion of digestive system tumor cells. Further, it plays an important role in inflammatory bowel disease and fatty liver.