Effects of Mn and Ru substitutions on the electrical properties and AC susceptibility of Tl(BaSr)CaCu2O7 superconductor

In this paper, the effects of M = Mn and Ru substitutions at the Tl site of Tl[Formula: see text]M x (BaSr)CaCu 2 O 7 (Tl-1212) on the electrical properties and AC susceptibility were investigated. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) methods were used to examine the phase and microstructure, respectively. All samples showed diffraction patterns with Tl-1212 as the major phase and an increase in the Tl-1223 phase with increasing Mn and Ru substitutions. The microstructure showed partial melting and randomly oriented grains in all samples. The electrical resistance measurements showed metallic normal state behavior for all samples. The zero-resistance transition temperature [Formula: see text] was the highest for x = 0.4 where [Formula: see text] was 107[Formula: see text]K and 90[Formula: see text]K for Mn and Ru substitutions, respectively. The superconducting transition, [Formula: see text] obtained from AC susceptibility measurements increased with Mn and Ru substitutions up to x = 0.4. Using Bean’s model, the current density at the peak temperature of the imaginary part of the AC susceptibility, [Formula: see text]([Formula: see text] was determined to be between 16 and 22[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] for Mn, and between 15 and 19[Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]⋅[Formula: see text]cm[Formula: see text] for Ru-substituted samples. Mn substitution showed a higher transition temperature compared with Ru. This study showed that optimization of the average Cu valence was achieved with Mn and Ru substitutions for x = 0.4 at the Tl site. The ionic radii of the substituting and substituted elements are important factors in enhancing the transition temperature of Tl(BaSr)CaCu 2 O 7 superconductor.