Research Progress on Optimization of External Physical Fields for Enhancing Energy Storage System Performance

Abstract The swift advancement of renewable energy technologies has resulted in an increased demand for energy storage batteries; however, their performance is still limited by slow cathode reaction kinetics. While existing catalyst designs can enhance reaction kinetics, they often fall short in overcoming the bottleneck imposed by thermodynamic regulation. The careful selection of external field types and regulation variables allows for the modification of thermodynamic parameters, thereby significantly enhancing reaction flexibility and demonstrating distinct advantages. For example, electromagnetic fields can lower energy reaction barriers through spin polarization effects and modulate ion deposition behaviors. Mechanical wave fields facilitate dynamic regulation via acoustically enhanced mass transfer and stress‐induced electrode activation. Energy fields promote synergistic energy conversion through the use of photogenerated carriers and thermal gradients. This study seeks to elucidate the mechanisms through which external physical fields enhance the performance of energy storage batteries, to uncover the dynamic regulatory principles governing these fields in electrochemical processes, and to provide theoretical foundations and methodological guidelines for the development of high‐energy‐density storage systems and the advancement of renewable energy technologies.